The Huangbai River basin is rich in mineral resources. The phytoplankton community succession in the Huangbai River basin is significantly affected by particulate phosphorus emissions and surface runoff deposition caused by phosphate mining. In order to study the influence of environmental factors on phytoplankton community structure after phosphate mining in the Huangbai River basin, water quality and phytoplankton samples were collected in 10 monitoring sections in spring (May), summer (August) and autumn (September) of 2020. According to the regional division method and NMDS analysis method, the study was divided into phosphate mining impact zone (group A) and nonaffected zone (group B), and the phytoplankton community structures of group A and group B were significantly different by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis. The dominant genera of group A were Cryptomonas, Navicula, and Cyclotella, group B dominated genera were Cryptomonas and Synedra, and the number of species in group B was higher than that in group A. The relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton was analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) method. The results showed that dissolved oxygen, water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and total phosphorus had great effects on phytoplankton in the Huangbai River basin. The phytoplankton community structure in group A was negatively correlated with total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water temperature, and positively correlated with fluoride, while the phytoplankton community structure in group B was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus. The research results can provide scientific guidance for the ecological environment and environmental governance of the basin.
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