常见无机盐对沼蛤存活与行为特性的影响
田娜娜 , 李天翠 , 刘坚 , 蔡伟 , 李瑞雯 , 王英才 , 陈正虎
生物资源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (04) : 363 -370.
常见无机盐对沼蛤存活与行为特性的影响
Effects of common inorganic salts on the survival and behavioral characteristics of Limonperna fortunei
沼蛤(Limnoperna fortunei)是一种大型底栖动物,会通过分泌足丝黏附于基质表面,逐年层状加厚,产生生物污损。因此,深入了解其环境耐受能力是有效开展污损治理工作的前提。本研究旨在探究不同环境因子对沼蛤生存和生理行为的影响,通过室内控制实验,系统考察了常见无机盐对沼蛤存活率、免疫酶活性和足丝黏附特性的影响。结果表明:(1)0.17 mol/L氯化钠对沼蛤存活率抑制明显,作用24 h后沼蛤存活率均低于20%,显著低于对照组和其他处理组(P<0.05);(2)0.017 mol/L和0.17 mol/L氯化钠两个处理组中,沼蛤的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性在24 h内呈现先升后降的趋势,且0.17 mol/L氯化钠处理组更为显著(P<0.05),其他低浓度处理组呈升高趋势;(3)0.12 mol/L和0.17 mol/L氯化钠作用于附着在天然石块基质上的沼蛤时,沼蛤的足丝黏附力显著下降(P<0.05),24 h后约降低40%。研究结果可为水利工程特定场景中沼蛤应急清除方案的制定提供数据支撑。
Limnoperna fortunei is a large benthic animal. It adheres to the substrate surface by secreting byssus, gradually thickening in layers over the years, leading to biofouling. Therefore, a deep understanding of its environmental tolerance is essential for developing effective biofouling control strategies. Aiming to investigate the effects of different environmental factors on the survival and physiological behaviors of L. fortunei, this study investigated the effects of common inorganic salts on the survival rate, immune enzyme activity, and byssal adhesion characteristics of L. fortunei through controlled laboratory experiments. The results showed that: (1) 0.17 mol/L NaCl significantly inhibited the survival rate of L. fortunei, and after 24 h of action, the survival rate was all below 20%, remarkably lower than the control and other treatment groups (P<0.05). (2) In the 0.017 mol/L and 0.17 mol/L NaCl groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease within 24 hours, with the 0.17 mol/L NaCl group showing a more pronounced effect (P<0.05). The other lower concentration treatment groups showed an increasing trend. (3) When exposed to 0.12 mol/L and 0.17 mol/L NaCl, the byssal adhesion force of L. fortunei attached to natural stone substrates decreased significantly (P<0.05), dropping by approximately 40% after 24 hours. The results of this study can provide data support for the formulation of emergency removal plans for L. fortunei in specific scenarios of water conservancy projects.
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国家自然科学基金重点项目(U204020117)
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