中国生物计量学科的建立及在生物表型(组)测量标准的创新发展
Establishment of biometrology discipline in China and innovative development of biological phenotype (phenome) measurement standards
生物计量是生物测量及其应用的科学。2003年,中国从参加国际计量局物质的量咨询委员会下设生物分析工作组第一个转基因植物核酸测量国际比对起步,开始步入生物计量学科建设和创新发展之路。通过建立核酸与蛋白质生物计量基标准体系,为生物计量学科的建立奠定了基础,应用在农业、医疗、食品安全等领域。同时开展了细胞(微生物)测量相关的计量研究,生物标准物质体系研究,在中国应对病原微生物引起的疫情监控、食品安全、临床诊断、仪器校准、产品质量控制等方面发挥了生物计量支撑作用。从而形成了涵盖核酸、蛋白质和细胞计量的生物计量基标准框架及其应用。生物体(动物、植物、微生物等)受基因和环境共同影响,表现出可观测性状特征的生物表型,生物表型测量涉及农业、食品、医疗、健康等多领域,对生物计量与生物测量标准提出了需求。未来,面向生物资源计量需求,将从生物资源表型标准物质、生物标准(大)数据(集)和数字化生物标准物质,以及生物表型(组)测量标准及标准化的创新发展上拓展发力,提升生命体健康、安全和农牧业生产的质量。
Biometrology is the science of biological measurement and its applications. In 2003, China started its journey towards the constraction and innovative development of the discipline of biometrolgy by participating in the first international comparison of nucleic acid measurements of genetically modified plants in the Biological Analysis Working Group of Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance and Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. By establishing a basic standard system for nucleic acid and protein biometrology, it lays the fundation for the establishment of the biometrology discipline and is applied in the fields such as agriculture, medical care, and food safety. At the same time, metrological research in the fields of cell and microbial measurement and system of biological reference materials (BRMs) has been carried out, providing metrological support for the monitoring of pathogen-caused epidemics, food safety, clinical diagnosis, instrument calibration and product quality control in China. Therefore, a biometrology framework covering nucleic acid, protein and cell metrology has been formed along with its applications. Biological phenotypes are observable trait characteristics of an organism (animal,plant, microorganism, etc.) with a specific genotype, which is affected by both genes and environment. Biological phenotype measurement involves many fields such as agriculture, food, medical treatment and health, showing a wide range of biometrology and bio-measurement standard(BMS) needs. In the future, facing the needs of biometrology from biological resources, we will focus on biometrology research of biological resources and make efforts in the innovative development of BRMs, biological standard (big)datasets(BSDs), digitized biological reference materials (DBRMs), biological phenotype (phenome)measurement standards and standardization.
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国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3402501)
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF0608802)
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