动物行为中的流体力学及其对人造系统的启示
Fluid mechanics in animal behaviour and its implications for artificial systems
流体是动物适应和进化重要的生态位,因此在多尺度上深刻影响生物个体行为与群体组织形式。从个体层面的飞行与游动,到群体层面的协同行为与集群运动,生态系统中的多种现象均受到流体动力学机制的调控。尽管这些过程涉及不同物种与尺度,其基本行为同样可在连续介质框架下,由质量、动量与能量守恒统一描述,并受惯性与黏性相互作用的约束,从而表现出一定的动力学共性。从统一的流体力学视角出发,围绕动物个体与群体两个层级,对流体与生物行为相互作用的进展进行系统综述,重点关注运动产生的流场结构、流体介导的信息与能量传递,以及由此引发的群体协同与自组织现象。这些流体动力学进展揭示了生态系统中行为调控与结构形成的物理基础,并为工程编队设计与多尺度流动建模提供了理论基础。
Fluids constitute a critical ecological niche for animal adaptation and evolution, thereby profoundly influencing individual behavior and collective organization across multiple scales. From flight and swimming at the individual level to coordinated behaviors and collective motion at the group level, a wide range of phenomena in ecosystems are regulated by fluid dynamical mechanisms. Although these processes involve different species and scales, their fundamental behaviors can be uniformly described within a continuum framework by the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, and are constrained by the interplay between inertia and viscosity, thus exhibiting certain dynamical commonalities. From a unified fluid dynamics perspective, this paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the interactions between fluids and biological behaviors at both the individual and collective levels, with a focus on flow structures generated by locomotion, fluid-mediated information and energy transfer, and the resulting collective coordination and self-organization phenomena. These fluid dynamical insights reveal the physical basis underlying behavioral regulation and structural formation in ecosystems, and offer theoretical foundations for engineering formation design and multiscale flow modeling.
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国家自然科学基金(32500692)
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