林下不同年份竹溪黄连生长与叶片光合性能分析
Growth and leaf photosynthetic performance of forest-cultivated Coptis chinensis from Zhuxi across different cultivation ages
为探究黄连(Coptis chinensis)地上部分生长特性、花产量及叶片光合性能随栽培年限的变化规律,本文以2~7年生黄连植株为材料,系统测定黄连株高、分枝数、茎粗、4~6年生黄连花产量、3~6年生黄连叶片叶绿素SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development,土壤与植物分析仪器开发)值及3~6年生黄连叶片的光合参数。结果表明,随着栽培年限增加,黄连株高与分枝数显著增加,茎粗在4~6年显著增加,在第7年略有下降。4~6年生黄连花产量逐年升高,单平方米花束最高产261束(0.38 kg),亩产最高达104 249束(153.39 kg)。3~6年生黄连叶片的叶绿素SPAD值随年份增加呈先升后降趋势,4年生最高,5~6年生显著降低,表明栽培后期叶片出现老化现象。净光合速率变化趋势与SPAD值一致,4年生达到峰值(6.80 µmol•m-2•s-1),之后逐年下降,6年生降至最低(5.22 µmol•m-2•s-1)。蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均为3年生最低,4~5年生略有升高,6年生有所回落;但5~6年生胞间CO2浓度仍维持高位,表明后期光合下降主要源于叶肉细胞活性衰退,而非气孔限制。总之,黄连随栽培年限增加,地上生长与花产量持续提升,其中,4年生黄连光合能力最强、生理活性最高,5~6年生植株出现明显的光合衰退和叶片老化。本研究为黄连不同年限的差异化栽培管理提供了生理学参考。
To investigate the change patterns in growth characteristics of aboveground part, flower yield, and leaf photosynthetic performance of Coptis chinensis across different cultivation ages, using 2~7-year-old C. chinensis plants as materials, this study systematically measured plant height, branch number, and stem diameter, as well as flower yield in 4~6-year-old plants, leaf chlorophyll SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) values in 3~6-year-old plants, and photosynthetic parameters in 3~6-year-old leaves. The results showed that, with increasing cultivation age, plant height and branch number increased significantly, stem diameter increased markedly from year 4 to year 6, but declined slightly in year 7. Flower yield in 4~6-year-old plants increased progressively with age, reaching a maximum of 261 inflorescences (0.38 kg) per square metre, and 104 249 inflorescences (153.39 kg) per mu. Chlorophyll SPAD values in 3~6-year-old leaves exhibited a unimodal trend, peaking in 4-year-old plants and decreasing significantly in 5~6-year-old plants, indicating leaf senescence in later cultivation stages. The net photosynthetic rate followed a similar pattern, peaking at 6.80 µmol•m-2•s-1 in 4-year-old plants and declining to the lowest value of 5.22 µmol•m-2•s-1 in 6-year-old plants. Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were lowest in 3-year-old plants, increased slightly in 4~5-year-old plants, and decreased in 6-year-old plants. However, intercellular CO2 concentration remained high in 5~6-year-old plants, suggesting that the decline in photosynthesis at later stages was primarily attributable to reduced mesophyll cell activity rather than stomatal limitation. In summary, growth of aboveground part and flower yield of C. chinensis continue to improve with increasing cultivation age. Notably, 4-year-old plants exhibit the strongest photosynthetic capacity and highest physiological activity, whereas 5~6-year-old plants show significant decline in photosynthetic performance and leaf senescence. These findings provide a physiological reference for age-specific cultivation management in C. chinensis production.
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湖北省中药材创新团队专项经费(2025-620-000-001-024)
湖北省五大提质行动“黄连”技术集成专项经费(2026WDTZZX-HL)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21)
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