就业导向下医学本科生劳动素养现状调查及对策研究
Current situation and countermeasures of labor literacy of medical undergraduates under employment orientation
目的 通过研究医学本科生劳动素养现状,探讨就业导向下提升其劳动素养的实践路径,为劳动教育融入医学人才培养提供参考依据。 方法 选择医学本科生为研究对象,采用问卷调查法和深度访谈法,围绕劳动素养的劳动认知、劳动情感、劳动意志、劳动行为4个维度进行现状调查及对策研究。 结果 医学本科生劳动素养的4个维度均值全部显著高于中等水平(P<0.001),劳动素养整体较好,但其劳动素养在一定程度上存在“知行不一”的情况;不同年级学生在劳动素养整体水平和各维度上均有统计学意义(P<0.001),大三学生的劳动素养整体水平得分(3.26±0.32)相对较低,尤其劳动情感维度得分最低(2.88±0.59);质性访谈结果表明,实习实践、劳动教育课程、学生工作经历对提升大学生劳动素养具有促进作用,清晰的职业规划有助于医学本科生主动提升劳动素养,劳动教育与专业课程、就业指导课程的融合仍有提升空间。 结论 医学院校应强化马克思主义劳动观教育,促进“劳动认知-情感-行为”有效衔接;把握医学本科生劳动素养成长规律,分阶段设计劳动教育形式与内容;采用劳育课程与课程劳育相结合的方式,将劳动教育元素深度融入医学专业教学与就业指导全过程,提升医学本科生劳动素质及综合能力。
Objective To investigate the current state of labor literacy among medical undergraduates and explores ways to enhance it within an employment-oriented framework, aiming to inform the integration of labor education into medical training. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used, including questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews focusing on four dimensions of labor literacy: cognition, emotion, volition, and behavior. Results Medical undergraduates' labor literacy scores across all dimensions were significantly above the medium level (P<0.001), indicating relatively high overall competence. However, a "knowledge-practice gap" was observed. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found across academic years, with junior students scoring lowest overall (3.26±0.32), particularly in labor emotion (2.88±0.59). Interviews revealed that internships, labor courses, and student work experiences enhanced labor literacy, and clear career planning promoted proactive skill improvement. Further integration of labor education into specialized curricula and career guidance remains needed. Conclusion Strengthening education on the Marxist view of labor and improving the connection between knowledge, emotion, and behavior are essential.Tailored activities should be designed based on students' developmental needs. Both dedicated labor courses and the incorporation of labor elements throughout medical education and career guidance should be emphasized to improve overall labor literacy and comprehensive abilities.
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北京市高等教育学会大学生就业创业研究分会课题项目:人工智能时代医学生核心就业竞争力构成及提升策略(DXSJCFHMS2025007)
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