领悟社会支持对住院医师职业认同的影响:积极心理资本的中介作用
Impact of perceived social support on residents' professional identity: the mediating role of positive psychological capital—a case study from Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital
目的 了解住院医师领悟社会支持、职业认同和积极心理资本的现状,探讨住院医师积极心理资本在领悟社会支持与职业认同之间的中介作用。 方法 采用目的抽样,于2023年6—10月对南京市妇幼保健院155名住院医师开展线上问卷调查,内容包括一般资料、领悟社会支持量表、积极心理资本量表、职业认同量表。 结果 共纳入有效样本155份,其中男性27人、女性128人。住院医师在领悟社会支持、积极心理资本及职业认同方面得分均处于中上水平。领悟社会支持得分中位数为64(57,72)分,积极心理资本得分中位数为126(111,114)分,职业认同得分中位数为38(31,40)分,住院医师领悟社会支持(r=0.607, P<0.01)、积极心理资本(r=0.678,P<0.01)均与职业认同呈显著正相关;积极心理资本部分中介了领悟社会支持对职业认同的影响(间接效应:β=0.270,95%CI:0.173~0.397),占总效应的64.44%。 结论 领悟社会支持不仅直接影响住院医师的职业认同,还可通过促进积极心理资本的积累,间接增强职业认同感。在住院医师培养管理中,应优化社会支持体系,强化导师指导与朋辈互助,同时探索基于积极心理资本的社会支持干预策略,如压力管理训练、职业发展支持和正念训练,以提升住院医师的心理适应力,进一步提升职业认同。
Objective To examine the status of perceived social support, professional identity, and psychological capital among resident physicians and explore the mediating role of positive psychological capital in the relationship between perceived social support and professional identity. Methods By purposive sampling, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among 155 resident physicians in Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from June to October, 2023, including general demographic information, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Positive Psychological Capital Scale, and the Professional Identity Scale. Results A total of 155 valid responses were included, with 27 males and 128 females. Resident physicians scored at an upper-middle level in all scales. The median scores were 64(57,72) points for perceived social support, 126(111,114) points for positive psychological capital, and 38(31,40) points for professional identity. Perceived social support (r=0.607, P<0.01) and positive psychological capital (r=0.678, P<0.01) were significantly positively correlated with professional identity. Positive psychological capital partially mediated the effect of perceived social support on professional identity (indirect effect: β=0.270, 95%CI: 0.173-0.397), accounting for 64.44% of the total effect. Conclusion Perceived social support not only directly influences the professional identity of resident physicians but also indirectly enhances it by fostering the accumulation of positive psychological capital. In the training and management of resident physicians, optimizing social support systems, strengthening mentorship and peer assistance, and exploring positive psychological capital-based interventions—such as stress management training, career development support, and mindfulness training—can improve psychological adaptability and further enhance professional identity.
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