牙周膜干细胞免疫调节特性的研究进展

文雯; 田宇阳; 谢旭东

doi:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.01.012

口腔疾病防治 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1) : 76 -80. DOI: 10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.01.012

综述

牙周膜干细胞免疫调节特性的研究进展

文雯, 田宇阳, 谢旭东

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Research progress on immunomodulatory properties of periodontal ligament stem cells

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摘要

牙周膜干细胞（periodontal ligament stem cells，PDLSCs）具有多向分化的潜能，是牙周组织再生的首选种子细胞。近年来，大量研究证实PDLSCs还具有广泛的免疫调节特性，深入探究其具体分子机制对于牙周炎的治疗具有重要的指导意义。本文旨在归纳总结PDLSCs对各种免疫细胞的调控以及炎症环境对PDLSCs免疫特性影响的研究进展，以期为实现PDLSCs的异体移植提供重要理论依据，从而提升牙周组织再生的治疗效果。现有研究表明，PDLSCs对固有免疫细胞和获得性免疫细胞均具有一定的免疫抑制作用，炎症刺激可导致其免疫调节特性受损。然而，目前的研究主要局限于体外细胞试验，缺乏对体内环境下PDLSCs免疫调节作用的深入研究，基于细胞谱系示踪和条件性基因敲除技术的体内研究可能成为未来的主要研究方向。

Abstract

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have the potential for multidirectional differentiation and are the preferred seed cells for periodontal tissue regeneration. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that PDLSCs also possess broad immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in-depth exploration of their specific molecular mechanisms is of great significance for the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this paper is to summarize the research progress on the regulation of PDLSCs on various immune cells and the effect of the inflammatory environment on the immune characteristics of PDLSCs to provide an important theoretical basis for the allotransplantation of PDLSCs and improve the therapeutic effect of periodontal tissue regeneration. Studies have shown that PDLSCs possess a certain degree of immunosuppressive effect on both innate and acquired immune cells, and inflammatory stimulation may lead to the impairment of the immunoregulatory properties of PDLSCs. However, current studies are mainly limited to in vitro cell tests and lack in-depth studies on the immunomodulatory effects of PDLSCs in vivo. In vivo studies based on cell lineage tracing and conditional gene knockout technology may become the main directions for future research.