m5C甲基化修饰及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

陆云洋; 杜维东; 余东升

doi:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.02.009

口腔疾病防治 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2) : 143 -148. DOI: 10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.02.009

综述

m5C甲基化修饰及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

陆云洋, 杜维东, 余东升

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Research progress on m5C methylation and its prospects in tumor immunotherapy

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摘要

表观遗传修饰在真核细胞生物学过程中有重要的调节作用。肿瘤免疫疗法是治疗癌症的重要手段和临床策略。5-甲基胞嘧啶（5-methylcytosine，m5C）是继N6甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine，m6A）之后发现的表观遗传调控网络的重要组成部分。RNA的m5C甲基化修饰能影响被修饰RNA分子的命运，并在包括RNA稳定性、蛋白质合成和转录调控在内的各种生物学过程中发挥重要作用。最近研究表明，m5C甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶、甲基化识别蛋白与多种细胞生物学过程和系统性疾病有关，包括肿瘤的发生、转移和肿瘤免疫微环境等。m5C甲基化修饰可在多个水平上广泛影响基因表达和肿瘤发生发展的生物学过程，但其具体机制及与其他表观遗传修饰的相互作用尚未阐明，其在恶性肿瘤中的调控机制、风险评估和靶向治疗的研究有待深入。本文将从m5C的动态调节网络、m5C修饰在实体瘤中的生物学作用及在肿瘤免疫治疗中的潜在靶点等进行综述。

Abstract

Epigenetic modification plays an important role in the biological regulatory process of eukaryotic cells. Tumor immunotherapy is an important means and clinical strategy for the treatment of some cancers. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is an important component of the epigenetic regulatory network discovered after m6A and has become a new topic for life science research in recent years. The m5C methylation of RNA can affect the fate of the modified RNA molecules and play an important role in various biological processes, including RNA stability, protein synthesis and transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that m5C writers, erasers and readers are related to a variety of cellular biological processes and systemic diseases, including the occurrence, metastasis and tumor immune microenvironment. m5C methylation can widely affect gene expression and the biological process of tumorigenesis and development at multiple levels, but its specific mechanism and potential interaction with other epigenetic modifications in tumor immunotherapy are still unclear, and its regulatory mechanism, risk assessment and role in targeted therapy for malignant tumors need to be further studied. This article will review the dynamic regulatory network of m5C, the biological role of m5C modification in solid tumors and potential targets in tumor immunotherapy.