去分化脂肪细胞及其在口腔颌面部骨组织工程中应用的研究进展

沈荧怡; 曹希萌; 胥春

doi:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.03.009

口腔疾病防治 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3) : 223 -228. DOI: 10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.03.009

综述

去分化脂肪细胞及其在口腔颌面部骨组织工程中应用的研究进展

沈荧怡, 曹希萌, 胥春

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Research progress on dedifferentiated fat cells and their application in oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering

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摘要

寻找合适的种子细胞是口腔颌面部骨组织再生领域亟需解决的重要科学问题。脂肪干细胞在组织与器官修复和再生中的应用已有较多研究，近年来，去分化脂肪细胞在骨组织工程领域也显露了广阔的应用前景。去分化脂肪细胞表达干细胞相关标志，且具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、神经细胞、心肌细胞和内皮细胞等多向分化的潜能，此外，去分化脂肪细胞还具有获取方式微创、增殖能力强、同质性高等优势。目前，去分化脂肪细胞在基于支架及无支架骨组织工程中应用的研究结果均能证实其促进骨再生的有效性，但其细胞学研究仍面临一些挑战，包括细胞培养纯度尚不够高、表型特性不完全明确和去分化机制不明晰等。相信随着分离、培养、鉴定以及定向诱导其成骨分化的方法不断发展完善，去分化脂肪细胞有望在未来成为口腔颌面部骨组织工程领域中优异的种子细胞。

Abstract

The identification of suitable seed cells represents a critical scientific problem to be solved in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue regeneration. The application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in tissue and organ repair and regeneration has been studied extensively. In recent years, dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have also shown broad application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. DFAT cells express stem cell-related markers and have the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, nerve cells, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, DFAT cells also have the advantages of minimally invasive acquisition, strong proliferation and high homogeneity. Currently, all studies involving the application of DFAT cells in scaffold-based and scaffold-free bone tissue engineering can confirm their effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration. However, cytological research still faces some challenges, including relatively low cell culture purity, unclear phenotypic characteristics and undefined dedifferentiation mechanisms. It is believed that with the continuous development and improvement of isolation, culture, identification and directional induction of osteogenic differentiation methods, DFAT cells are expected to become excellent seed cells in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering in the future.