牙周风险评估系统的应用现状

Application status of risk assessment models for periodontal disease

摘要

牙周风险评估系统可有效地预测患者的牙周疾病风险，并为个性化治疗方案提供指导。牙周风险评估系统已在临床实践和临床科研领域中得到广泛应用。由于不同牙周风险评估系统所纳入的牙周临床指标和全身危险因素存在差异，其适用范围也相应不同。目前临床中较常用的牙周风险评估系统如下：基于个体层面的牙周风险评估工具牙周风险指数（periodontal risk calculator，PRC），可以同时收集患者牙周和全身状况指标进行预测;牙周评估工具（periodontal assessment tool，PAT），可以量化区分牙周病不同阶段;牙周风险评估（periodontal risk assessment，PRA）及改良牙周风险评估（modified periodontal risk assessment，mPRA）操作简便明了;而分类回归树（classification and regression trees，CART）则可基于单颗患牙周预后牙评估;另外还有在患者需要多学科联合治疗时的正畸-牙周联合风险评估系统、植体周病风险评估系统等。本文对牙周风险评估系统的应用现状进行综述。

Abstract

Risk assessment models for periodontal disease provide dentists with a precise and consolidated evaluation of the prognosis of periodontitis, enabling the formulation of personalized treatment plans. Periodontal risk assessment systems have been widely applied in clinical practice and research. The application fields of periodontal risk assessment systems vary based on the distinctions between clinical periodontal parameters and risk factors. The assessment models listed below are commonly used in clinical practice, including the periodontal risk calculator (PRC), which is an individual-based periodontal risk assessment tool that collects both periodontal and systemic information for prediction; the periodontal assessment tool (PAT), which allows for quantitative differentiation of stages of periodontal disease; the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) and modified periodontal risk assessment (mPRA), which are easy to use; and the classification and regression trees (CART), which assess the periodontal prognosis based on a single affected tooth. Additionally, there are orthodontic-periodontal combined risk assessment systems and implant periapical risk assessment systems tailored for patients needing multidisciplinary treatment. This review focuses on the current application status of periodontal risk assessment systems.

关键词

牙周炎 / 牙周危险因素 / 牙周风险评估系统 / 风险评估 / 预后判断 / 动态监测 / 牙周支持治疗 / 个性化治疗方案 / 多学科联合治疗

Key words

periodontitis / periodontal risk factors / risk assessment models for periodontal disease / risk assessment / prognostic judgment / dynamic monitoring / supportive periodontal therapy / personalized therapy plan / multidisciplinary treatment

Author summay

聂敏，主治医师，博士研究生，Email：[e-mail]