口腔颌面部肿瘤患者生物样本的质量控制规范
陈万涛 , 潘新华 , 何悦 , 严明 , 王丽珍 , 王延安 , 李思毅 , 李志会 , 张瑱 , 杜梦轩
口腔疾病防治 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9) : 833 -842.
口腔颌面部肿瘤患者生物样本的质量控制规范
Quality control standards for biological specimens from patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors
口腔颌面部肿瘤生物样本的质量控制(以下简称质控)是口腔颌面部肿瘤预防诊断、治疗以及精准医学研究的重要基础,生物样本的质量直接影响疾病生物标志物的发现、验证,以及发病机制解析及临床转化应用效能。对生物样本的质控贯穿于生物样本的采集、处理、储存、运输、使用等全生命周期,其目的是确保生物样本的完整性、可靠性、可溯源性以及一致性,进而确保研究数据的可靠性,疾病分子分型、标志物发现以及疗效预测的准确性,临床治疗方案制定的精准性。然而,目前口腔颌面部肿瘤患者生物样本质控体系的建设尚不完善,本文结合国内外生物样本质量控制技术标准与规范及相关研究进展,阐述质控管理系统建设在生物样本全生命周期中的意义,重点探讨口腔颌面部肿瘤患者各类不同生物样本的质控方法和要求,采集操作标准化、预处理流程规范化、长期存储条件优化等因素对样本质量的影响,为建立口腔颌面部肿瘤标准化生物样本质控流程与信息化溯源系统提供具体的指导意见和可借鉴的范式,以提升口腔颌面部肿瘤患者生物样本的科研价值与临床应用潜力,为口腔颌面部肿瘤的精准诊疗技术研发提供可靠的样本资源和技术保障。同时倡议生物样本库实行“质控+伦理”双轨并行的管理体系,筑牢伦理与法律防火墙,为科研创新和临床转化提供安全屏障。
Quality control (QC) of biospecimens from oral and maxillofacial tumors patients constitutes a critical foundation for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and precision medicine research of these diseases. Biospecimen quality directly governs the discovery and validation of disease biomarkers, the elucidation of pathogenesis, and the efficacy of clinical translation. QC spans the entire biospecimen lifecycle—encompassing collection, processing, storage, transportation, and utilization. Its primary objectives are to ensure sample integrity, reliability, traceability, and consistency, thereby guaranteeing the robustness of research data; the accuracy of molecular subtyping, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction; and the precision of clinical decision-making. However, current QC frameworks for these biospecimens remain underdeveloped. Drawing on domestic and international technical standards, regulatory guidelines, and recent research advances, this paper elaborates on the importance of implementing a QC management system throughout the biospecimen lifecycle. It focuses on QC methodologies tailored to diverse biospecimen types, examining how standardized sampling procedures, regulated preprocessing workflows, and optimized long-term storage conditions influence sample quality. We aim to provide concrete guidance and a transferable paradigm for establishing standardized QC protocols and an informatics-enabled traceability system specific to oral and maxillofacial tumors. Such efforts are intended to enhance the research value and clinical utility of these biospecimens, furnishing reliable sample resources and technical support for the development of precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we advocate for a dual-track “QC plus Ethics” management framework within biobanks. This approach would reinforce ethical and legal safeguards, establishing a robust barrier to support safe scientific innovation and clinical translation.
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