安徽省宁国市板桥自然保护区鸟兽多样性及3种常见鸟兽活动节律
郭思乐 , 周可心 , 雷天雅 , 张宜贵 , 孙桃柱 , 包承志 , 黄子洁 , 曹可 , 李忠秋
生物资源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (02) : 141 -155.
安徽省宁国市板桥自然保护区鸟兽多样性及3种常见鸟兽活动节律
Diversity of birds and mammals and activity rhythms of three common species in Banqiao Nature Reserve, Ningguo City, Anhui Province
了解并掌握保护区的鸟兽多样性现状,是野生动物行为监测与生物多样性管理的关键。结合红外相机监测技术与传统样线法,于2023-03—2024-03在安徽省宁国市板桥自然保护区开展鸟兽资源调查与3种常见鸟兽物种活动节律分析。布设20台红外相机,相机有效工作日7 068天,获得4 503张独立有效照片,设置9条鸟类调查样线,鉴定出鸟类12目38科102种,兽类6目11科15种,包括2种国家一级重点保护野生动物,19种国家二级重点保护野生动物。林下常见鸟兽白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和野猪(Sus scrofa)的活动节律分析表明,白鹇活动节律为典型的昼行性,活动高峰呈双峰型。小麂与野猪全天均有活动,具有日活动节律分化;小麂表现出晨昏活动,野猪无明显活动高峰,昼间活动更为频繁。在兽类日活动节律的季节性对比中,小麂各季节活动节律模式相近,冬季晨间活动高峰有所延迟。野猪春季夜间活动程度比昼间高。研究结果为保护区更新鸟兽物种名录和理解常见物种的生态习性及其对环境的适应策略提供基础资料,同时为保护区后续开展的野生动物长期监测与保护规划提供科学依据。
Understanding and grasping the diversity of birds and mammals in protected areas is crucial for wildlife behavior monitoring and biodiversity management. In this study, we combined infrared camera trap with the traditional sampling line method to carry out bird and mammal resource surveys and analyze the activity rhythms of three common species from March 2023 to March 2024. 20 infrared cameras were deployed, and the cameras worked effectively for 7 068 days, obtaining 4 503 independently valid photos, and 9 sampling lines were established for the bird survey. We identified 102 species from 38 families in 12 orders of birds and 15 species from 11 families in 6 orders of mammals. Among these species, 2 species were listed as national first class protected wild animals, and 19 species were listed as national second class protected wild animals. Analysis of the activity rhythms of 3 common species showed that Lophura nycthemera exhibited a typical diurnal activity pattern with a bimodal activity peak. Both Muntiacus reevesi and Sus scrofa were active throughout the day, displaying differentiated diurnal activity patterns. Muntiacus reevesi showed activity peaks at dawn and dusk, while Sus scrofa had no significant activity peak, with more frequent activity during the day. In seasonal comparisons of the diurnal activity rhythms of mammals, Muntiacus reevesi showed similar activity patterns across seasons, with a slight delay in the morning activity peak in winter. Sus scrofa showed higher nocturnal activity than daytime activity in spring. This study provides basic data for updating the bird and mammal species inventory in the reserve and contributes to understanding the ecological behaviors and environmental adaptation strategies of common species. These findings will also support future long-term wildlife monitoring and conservation planning in the reserve.
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安徽省宁国市板桥省级自然保护区本底资源调查(NGS-CG-CS-2022116)
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