高职护生共情能力现状及影响因素分析
苏伟才 , 张丹羽 , 王晨 , 张伊洁 , 王燕燕 , 张悦洋
医学教育管理 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04) : 483 -488.
高职护生共情能力现状及影响因素分析
Current situation and influencing factors of empathy ability among nursing students
目的 了解在校高职护生共情能力现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用横断面调查法,在2023年11—12月间对北京卫生职业学院就读的护理专业学生372名,采用一般资料调查表、杰斐逊共情量表(护生版)、安宁疗护知识量表进行问卷调查。 结果 高职护生共情能力量表总分为(105.66±11.59)分,其中换位思考均分最低,观点采择均分最高。单因素分析显示,年级、参加社会志愿服务、自愿选择护理专业、政治面貌不同的护生其共情能力得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),共情能力总分与安宁疗护知识总分正相关关系(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,护生的年级、参加社会志愿服务、自愿选择护理专业以及安宁疗护知识总分是在校高职护生共情能力的独立影响因素,共解释总变异的13.7%。 结论 高职护生共情能力总分处于中等水平,仍有待提高。护理教育工作者在今后的教学中,可以多鼓励护生参与社会志愿服务,多渗透安宁疗护的相关知识,同时多关注非自愿选择护理专业护生的共情能力培养。
Objective To understand the current situation of empathy ability among vocational nursing students and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 372 nursing students studying at Beijing Health Vocational College from November to December 2023. A general information questionnaire, the Jefferson empathy scale for nursing students, and the palliative care knowledge scale were used in the survey. Results The total score of the empathy ability scale for vocational nursing students was (105.66±11.59) points, with the lowest average score for the empathy item and the highest average score for the perspective taking item. Univariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in empathy scores among nursing students with different grades, participation in social volunteer services, voluntary choice of nursing majors, and political affiliations (P<0.05). The total score of empathy ability was positively correlated with the total score of palliative care knowledge (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the grade level, participation in social volunteer services, voluntary choice of nursing major, and total score of palliative care knowledge were independent influencing factors of empathy ability among nursing students in vocational colleges, accounting for 38.6% of the total variation. Conclusion The total score of empathy ability among vocational nursing students is at a moderate level and still needs improvement. In future teaching, nursing educators can encourage nursing students to participate in social volunteer services, integrate relevant knowledge of palliative care, and pay more attention to the cultivation of empathy skills for nursing students who choose nursing majors involuntarily.
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北京卫生职业学院“筑基行动计划——教育教学改革平台”(XJ2023000201)
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